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INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS |
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Class Hours: 2.0 |
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Credit Hours: 3.0 |
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Laboratory Hours: 2.0 |
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Date Revised: Fall 03 |
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Catalog Course Description: |
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Descriptive statistics, including bivariate trends; time series; concepts of probability and probability distributions; binomial and normal distributions; linear correlation and regression; estimation and significance tests for means; contingency tables, chi-square tests for goodness of fit and independence. A computer laboratory component is required. |
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Entry Level Standards: |
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A thorough knowledge of algebraic functions is necessary for entrance to this course. Students should be able to read on the college level and reason logically. |
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Prerequisite: |
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MATH 1830 or MATH 1910 |
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Textbook(s) and Other Reference Materials Basic to the Course: |
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Textbook: |
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I. Week/Unit/Topic Basis: |
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Week |
Topic |
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1 |
Statistical applications in
business and economics; data; data sources; descriptive statistics;
statistical inference and probability; summarizing |
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2 |
Summarizing quantitative data; exploratory data analysis; cross-tabulations and scatter diagrams. Chapter 3 |
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3 |
Measures of location; measures of variability; some uses of the mean and the standard deviation; exploratory data analysis; measures of the association between two variables; computing measures of location and dispersion for grouped data. Chapter 4 |
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4 |
Experiments, the sample space, and counting rules. Chapter 4 |
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5 |
Assigning probabilities to experimental outcomes; events and their probabilities; some basic relationships of probability; conditional probability; random variables. Chapter 5 |
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6 |
Discrete probability distributions; expected value and variance; the binomial probability distribution; the uniform probability distribution. Chapter 6 |
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7 |
The normal probability distribution; normal approximation of binomial distributions; simple random sampling; point estimation; introduction to sampling distributions. Chapter 7 |
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8 |
Sampling distribution of the sample mean; sampling distribution of the sample proportion; properties of point estimators; other sampling methods. Chapter 7 |
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9 |
Interval estimation of a population mean, large sample case; interval estimation of a population mean, small sample case; determining sample size. Chapter 8 |
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10 |
Interval estimation of a population proportion; developing null and alternative hypothesis; type I and type II errors; one tailed tests about a population mean, large sample case; two tailed tests about a population mean, large sample case. Chapters 9 and 10 |
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11 |
Tests about a population mean, small sample case; tests about a population proportion; hypotheses testing and decision making; determining the sample size for a hypothesis test about a population mean; estimation of the differences between the means of two populations, independent samples. Chapter 10 |
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12 |
Hypothesis tests about the difference between the means of two populations, independent samples; inferences about the difference between the means of two populations, matched samples; inferences about the difference between the proportions of two populations; goodness of fit test for multinomial populations; test of independence using contingency table. Chapter 11 |
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13 |
The simple linear regression model; the least squares method. Chapter 15 |
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14 |
The coefficient of determination; residual analysis, outliers and influential observations; the components of a time series; using smoothing methods in forecasting. Chapter 13 |
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15 |
Review and completion of computer lab exercises |
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16 |
Comprehensive final exam |
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II. Course Objectives*: |
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A. |
Demonstrate descriptive methods of statistics, including frequency distribution, measures of central tendency, and measures of variation. VI.1-5 |
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B. |
Examine bivariate data, cross-tabulations, sorting, graphics, and covariance and correlation. VI.1-5 |
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C. |
Investigate probabilistic concepts. VI.1-5 |
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D. |
Explore sampling and sampling distributions. VI.1-5 |
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E. |
Master hypothesis testing. VI.1-5 |
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F. |
Determine and interpret correlation and regression analysis. VI.1-5 |
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G. |
Perform time series analysis. VI.1-5 |
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H. |
Apply the most common probability distributions. VI.1-5 |
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*Roman numerals after course objectives reference goals of the university parallel program. |
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III. Instructional Processes*: |
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Students will: |
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1. |
Use statistical software and/or statistical capabilities of the scientific calculator to analyze real-world problems. Examples include hypothesis testing and generating descriptive statistics. Numerical Literacy Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy |
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2. |
Work collaboratively on laboratory exercises to explore concepts involving probability. Technological Literacy Outcome, Active Learning Strategy |
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3. |
Use critical thinking skills to interpret data, drawing conclusions, and state conclusions in written form. Numerical Literacy Outcome, Communication Outcome |
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4. |
Construct charts, tables, and graphs to provide visual descriptions of numerical data. Numerical Literacy Outcome |
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5. |
Identify and translate real-life data into empirical probability models. Numerical Literacy Outcome, Information Literacy Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy |
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*Strategies
and outcomes listed after instructional processes reference |
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IV. Expectations for Student Performance*: |
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Upon successful completion of this course, the student should be able to: |
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1. |
Construct frequency distributions and frequency histograms. A, D |
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2. |
Calculate measures of central tendency. A |
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3. |
Calculate measures of dispersion. A |
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4. |
Construct scatter diagrams. B |
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5. |
Calculate correlation coefficients and establish the relative strength of the linear relationships between two variables. B, D, F |
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6. |
Construct time series charts and interpret the results. G |
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7. |
Calculate probabilities using both the classical and the empirical approaches. C |
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8. |
Calculate probabilities based on both the standardized and non-standard normal distributions. D, H |
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9. |
Perform hypothesis tests, including, but not restricted to, means testing (both large and small samples), and tests of independence and goodness of fit. D, E, H |
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*Letters after performance expectations reference the course objectives listed above. |
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V. Evaluation: |
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A. Testing Procedures: |
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Students are evaluated on the basis of tests, and at the teacher’s discretion, quizzes, homework, computer projects, and case studies. A minimum of four major unit tests and a comprehensive departmental final will be given. All tests will be administered during scheduled lab times. |
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B. Laboratory Expectations: |
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At least half of all class meetings take place in the mathematics department computer lab. A minimum of ten of theses sessions will involve assignments to be turned in and graded, with the lab average making up a minimum of ten percent of the course grade. |
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C. Field Work: |
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None |
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D. Other Evaluation Methods: |
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None |
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E. Grading Scale: |
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93
- 100 A |
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VI. Policies: |
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A. Attendance Policy: |
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B. Academic Dishonesty: |
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Individual instructors must distribute their policy on academic dishonesty during the first week of class. |
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