Probability
Sum rule
Product rule
Binomial expansion - use of formula (formula provided on exam)
     number of ways of getting 5 normal and 2 affected....
     probability of affected/normal
chi square analysis
     generating the expected
Interpretation of pedigrees
     mode of inheritance
lod score
     identifying recombinants and parentals
     interpretation of lod scores
     mapping genes based on lod scores
 

Flylab
Mode of inheritance based on results
linkage
mapping
     two factor crosses
     three factor crosses
lethals
 

Techniques lab
reading pipets
balancing centrifuge
how to use pipette
why use a new pipet tip for each reagent
how to use centrifuge
how to make agarose gel
how to load agarose gel with samples
safety
proper disposal of materials
 

Running Gel Electrophoresis
2 reasons for gel loading dye (consider the contents of the dye)
should the gel loading dye be positively charged or negatively charged?
where should wells be located (positive or negative electrode)?
Why keep gel in one place after loading and before running?
Voltage: what happens if it is too low?  Too high?

Restriction Enzyme Mapping
palindrome
sticky ends
why run a control?
Importance of reaction buffer
why heat the tubes after digestion and before running on gel (10 min at 65C)?
plotting data
     best fit line
     using to estimate DNA fragment sizes
mapping fragments
 

Southern Blot
heat precut DNA
load and run gel
HCl
NaCl/NaOH
why must we transfer DNA to nylon membrane?
How to transfer to nylon?
Purpose of drying membrane after transfer at 80C?
 

PCR
theory behind PCR - how it works
target
primer
purpose of low, medium and high temperatures
source of polymerase used and why
wax bead
 

Natural Selection
do mutations occur before or after a change in the environment?
What determines whether a mutation is advantageous or disadvantageous?
 

DNA Extraction
purpose of detergent
purpose of heating
purpose of alcohol
 

Troubleshooting (Bonus)
What are some of the possible reasons that DNA bands don't move in gel electrophoresis?  What was the reason that our bands didn't move?