Upon completion of unit 1, students should be able to:

1. Define the four branches of genetics. (1)
2. Discuss the characteristics of organisms suitable for genetic analysis. (1)
3. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. (2)
4. Describe what occurs in the substages of prophase I of meiosis as they pertain to increasing genetic variation. (2)
5. Label the anatomy of a chromosome (p and q arms, telomere, centromere) and determine the type of chromosome (acrocentric, etc.) based on the location of the centromere. (2)
6. Define and use the following terms: gene, gene locus, allele, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, dihybrid, monohybrid, testcross, haploid, diploid, gamete, genotype, phenotype, homogametic, heterogametic, chiasmata, synaptonemial complex, hemizygous. (1, 2, 3)
7. Determine the number of gametes produced from a genotype, and list those gametes for single, two and three factor crosses. (3)
8. Explain Mendel's laws of particulate inheritance, dominance, segregation and independent assortment and relate them to the behavior of chromosomes. (3)
9. Utilize the Punnet square or branch diagram to calculate the probabilities of various offspring from a mating of individuals who differ in one or two traits. (3)
10. Solve word problems or genetic crosses involving one or two traits, sex-linked traits, incomplete or codominant traits and multiple alleles. (3)
11. Identify the symbols for pedigrees. (3)
12. Read a pedigree and determine the mode of inheritance of a trait, as well as genotypes of individuals. (3)
13. Describe the method by which human females deal with an additional X chromosome (dosage compensation). (3)
14. Explain the biochemical basis for incomplete and codominance.  (4)
15. Explain the biochemical basis for modified Mendelian ratios of dihybrid crosses (9:7, 9:4:3, 15:1, 9:6:1, 13:3, 12:3:1).  (4)
16. Define: lethal gene, semilethal gene, temperature sensitive mutant.  (4)
17. Discuss the effect of the environment on gene expression, including gender, penetance, and expressivity.  (4)
18. Distinguish between X linked and Y linked inheritance. (5)
19. Describe nondisjunction and explain its effect on births to older women. (5)
20. Compare and contrast the XY and WZ systems for sex determination. (5)
21. Compare and contrast the mode of sex determination in fruit flies and humans. (5)